網頁置頂
跳到主要內容區塊
:::
Menu
自113年1月1日
訪客人次:2041159
當月瀏覽人次:836184
累計瀏覽人次:15058754
:::

研究彙報第 七 卷第二期

首頁 > 出版刊物 > 高雄區農業改良場研究彙報 > 研究彙報第 七 卷第二期 > 毛豆花葯癒合組織形成之最適培養基

毛豆花葯癒合組織形成之最適培養基

毛豆花葯癒合組織形成之最適培養基
韓青梅 陳庚鳳 1
 
摘要

  本研究以毛豆品種高雄2號與高雄3號之花葯為材料,探討誘導癒合組織形成之最適培養基。結果顯示取毛豆花蕾長度2mm時,其花葯內之小孢子發育時期大多為單核期,此時培養於B5基本鹽類添加12%蔗糖、1 mg/lNAA (α-naphthaleneacetic acid)及8 mg/l BA (Benzyladenine)之培養基,所形成之花葯癒合組織誘發率最佳,高雄2號為56.5%,高雄3號為81%。

 

關鍵詞:毛豆,花葯培養,癒合組織之形成。

 

前言

  利用花葯培養誘發之單元體 (2),加倍後可成為一固定之品系,直接提供育種選拔之材料,在育種方面具有實用性與發展潛力,然因分化成植株之比率不高,在實用上尚有很大差距。若能解決此一難題,達成量產之目標,必可直接供品種改良之用。毛豆實為大豆,過去有關花葯組織培養之研究報告不多,Yin et al.(1982)報導經修飾後的B5培養基,可成功的誘致大豆花葯單元體植株 (12)。Ivers et al.(1974)以Nitschs或Miller培養基,只誘出大豆芽狀物(shoot-like-body),並未形成單元體植株 (4),因此毛豆花葯培養目前並無穩定之技術可資遵循。本研究就毛豆花蕾與花粉母細胞加以觀察,同時探討誘導花葯癒合組織之最適培養基。

材料與方法

 

  本研究利用毛豆品種高雄二號與高雄三號進行下列試驗

一、毛豆花器之觀察:

  取1.5~5mm毛豆花蕾置於解剖顯微鏡下,觀察花器之構造。

二、花粉細胞之鏡檢:

  取1.5~5mm大小之花器,進行花粉細胞之鏡檢。將花苞連同花葯、花粉固定於Farmer's液中(100%酒精:冰醋酸=3:1)四小時。用清水洗淨,以濾紙吸乾表面之水份,以0.1N之HCl溶液,在60℃下進行軟化3~5分鐘。利用aceto-orcein液(1g orcein + 45% glacialacetic acid加熱沸騰2小時過濾之)染色2小時,進行醋酸洋紅壓潰法鏡檢之。

三、毛豆花葯之培養:

  取2mm左右之花器先以清水沖洗10分鐘後,依序以70%之酒精浸漬3分鐘,2%次氯酸鈉浸漬25分鐘及無菌水清洗三次,在解剖顯微鏡下取花葯培養在各種培養基中。採用的基本培養基分別為MS (Murashige and koog, 1962)、2/1MS、VW(Vacin and Went, 1949)、N6(Chu et al.1975)與B5(Gamborg et al. 1968) (1)。每一種培養基再配合不同濃度之蔗糖、不同之植物生長調節劑與0.8%洋菜。培養基的pH值為5.7±0.1。每一試管接種五個花葯。花葯癒合組織之誘導在溫度25℃與2000lux光照下進行,30天後調查癒合組織形成之百分率。

結果與討論

  花葯培養首先需要考慮的因素為花粉粒的發育期。從花蕾大小(1.5~5mm)取樣鏡檢之結果顯示花蕾生長至1.5~2mm時,花葯外觀均為淡綠色呈半透明柔軟狀態(圖1)。取1.5mm之花蕾鏡檢發現,小孢子大部份為四分子期(圖2-a),取2mm之花蕾鏡檢發現,小孢子大部份為單核期(圖2-b),當花蕾大小生長至3mm以上時,花葯外觀則為淡黃色或黃色,呈硬化狀態(圖1),經鏡檢結果得知小孢子大部份為雙核期(圖2-c)。當花蕾大小生長至4mm以上時,已為成熟之花粉粒。多數學者在禾穀類花葯培養中亦指出,在單 核早期或中期的小孢子發育培養最佳 (3,5,6,7)。Yin et al. (1982)在大豆花葯培養中,選擇大豆花葯小孢子單核早、中期接種,成功誘導癒傷組織 (12)。然如何從外觀判定花葯單核期之方法,可據本試驗結果加以參考。花蕾生長至2mm左右時,其小孢子大部份為單核期(圖2-b),此時培養毛豆之花葯,癒合組織誘導率最高。Yin et al. (1982)亦有相同之結果 (12)

  取毛豆花蕾生長至2mm左右,小孢子發育至單核期之花葯為材料,以MS、1/2MS及VW為基本培養基,搭配1 mg/L NAA或1 mg/L BA以及五種蔗糖濃度(8,10,12,14,16%),誘導毛豆花葯癒合組織的結果顯示,不論是高雄2號或高雄3號,上述三種培養基均無法誘導癒合組織的形成。

Flower bud and its anther of vegetable soybean (CV. Kaohsiung No.2). Flower bud length over 4 mm(A-1) and its anther(A-2),flower bud length over 3 mm(B-1) and its anther(B-2), flower length over 2.5 mm(C-1) and its anther(C-2), flower buds length less than 2 mm(D-1,E-1) and their anther(D-2,E-2).

Fig.1 Flower bud and its anther of vegetable soybean (CV. Kaohsiung No.2). Flower bud length over 4 mm(A-1) and its anther(A-2),flower bud length over 3 mm(B-1) and its anther(B-2), flower length over 2.5 mm(C-1) and its anther(C-2), flower buds length less than 2 mm(D-1,E-1) and their anther(D-2,E-2).

Observation of microspore of anther from flower buds of vegetable soybean (CV.Kaohsiung No.2). (a)Tetrads stage of microspore which length of flower buds is 1.5mm.(b)Uninucleate stage of microspore which length of flower buds is 2mm.(c)Binucleate stage of microspore of which length of flower buds is 3mm.(d) Mature pollen grains of the anther which length of flower buds is 4mm.

 

Fig.2 Observation of microspore of anther from flower buds of vegetable soybean (CV.Kaohsiung No.2). (a)Tetrads stage of microspore which length of flower buds is 1.5mm.(b)Uninucleate stage of microspore which length of flower buds is 2mm.(c)Binucleate stage of microspore of which length of flower buds is 3mm.(d) Mature pollen grains of the anther which length of flower buds is 4mm.

 

  以N6基本培養基配合不同蔗糖濃度及不同植物生長調節劑誘導毛豆花葯形成癒合組織的結果示於表1。毛豆品種高雄2號的花葯培養於含有8%蔗糖與1mg/L NAA約有10%的花葯可形成癒合組織;而蔗糖濃度為12或14%配合1mg/L 2,4-D(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) 時亦可誘導10~13%的花葯形成癒合組織。毛豆品種高雄3號的花葯在N6培養基下無法使癒合組織的誘導率達到10%。在8%蔗糖濃度下僅有4.5%之癒合組織的誘導率,而12%蔗糖濃度下癒合組織的誘導率較高,為5.9%。

 

Table 1.Effect of plant growth regulators and sucrose concentration with N6 basic medium on callus induction from anther culture of vegetable soybean.

Treatment   % of anthers forming callus ?x**

Sucrose

(%)

Plant Growth

Regulator * ?x

No. of

anthers cultured

Kaohsiung

No.2

Kaohsiung

No.3

8 2,4-D 125 0.0 0.0
  NAA 125 10.0 0.0
  BA 125 8.6 4.5
  GA3 125 4.3 0.0
10 2,4-D 125 0.0 0.0
  NAA 125 0.0 0.0
  BA 125 6.3 0.0
  GA3 125 4.3 0.0
12 2,4-D 125 10.0 0.0
  NAA 125 4.8 0.0
  BA 125 0.0 5.9
  GA3 125 0.0 0.0
14 2,4-D 125 13.0 0.0
  NAA 125 4.8 0.0
  BA 125 0.0 5.6
  GA3 125 0.0 0.0
16 2,4-D 125 0.0 0.0
  NAA 125 0.0 0.0
  BA 125 0.0 0.0
  GA3 125 0.0 0.0

* The concentration of plant growth regulators was 1 mg/l.

** Percentage of anthers froming callus was calculated at 30 days after anther culture.

 

  以B5為基本培養基配合不同植物生長調節劑,誘導花葯形成癒合組織的百分率,均比MS及N6培養基為佳(表2.)。不論是高雄2號或高雄3號毛豆品種,只要在B5基本培養基中添加植物生長調節劑,即可使花葯形成癒合組織的百分率超過17.4%。B5基本培養基添加NAA(1 mg/l)與BA(8 mg/l)可使花葯形成癒合組織的百分率最高,高雄2號為56.5%,高雄3號為81%。

 

Table 2. Effect of basic salts and plant growth regulators on callus induction from cultured anthers of vegetable soybean* .

  Plant growth regulators(mg/l) No.of anthers % of anthers forming callus
Basic Medium NAA BA 2,4-D Kinetin Cultured Kaohsiung No.2 Kaohsiung No.3
  1 8 125 56.5 81.0
B5 8 1 2 125 25.0 21.7
  2 125 17.4 19.0
  8 2 1 125 43.5 30.4
  1 8 125 28.0 46.0
MS 8 1 2 125 24.0 40.0
  2 125 16.0 24.0
  8 2 1 125 12.0 20.0
  1 8 125 24.0 42.0
N6 8 1 2 125 16.0 38.0
  2 125 4.0 16.0
  8 2 1 125 12.0 36.0

* Culture medium containing basic salt and 12% sucrose.

Percentage of anthers froming callus was calculated at 30 days after anther cultured.

 

  綜合上述資料知悉,參試的各種培養基中,以B5培養基較適合毛豆花葯培養。Yin et al.(1982)的結果亦顯示以B5培養基效果最好 (12)。Tai and Cheng(1990)在豆類作物培養中亦得同樣結果 (8)。除了基本培養基外,蔗糖濃度及植物生長調節劑均影響癒傷組織產生之比率。Yin et al.(1982)認為12%蔗糖濃度誘導比率最大,植物生長調節劑則以2,4-D效果最好 (12)。Tang et al.(1973)指出不加任何生長調節劑之培養基完全不能形成癒傷組織 (9)。本試驗所獲得之結果除蔗糖濃度與Yin et al.(1982)結果相同外 (12),植物生長調節劑卻以NAA(1mg/l)與BA(8mg/l)組合最佳,其他生長調節劑組合效果不佳,可能是由於使用材料不同所造成的差異。由本試驗獲得之癒傷組織擬繼續進行分化試驗。

Callus induced from cultured anthers of vegetable soybean cultivars Kaohsiung No.2(left) and Kaohsiung No.3 (right).

Fig.3 Callus induced from cultured anthers of vegetable soybean cultivars Kaohsiung No.2(left) and Kaohsiung No.3 (right).

誌謝

本研究承行政院農委會經費(82-科技-1.1-糧-56(26))補助,謹此誌謝。

 

引用文獻

1. 園藝世界出版社. 1986. 圖解蘭花組織培養入門. P.48~49。

2. Chen, C. C.and Chang, S. 1974. Anther culture and haploid breeding. Scientific Agriculture22:95-103.

3. Guha, S., Iyer, R., Gupta, B. N. and Swaminathan, M. S.1970. Totipotency of gametic cells and the production of haploids in rice. Curr. Sci.39.174-176.

4. Iver, D. R., Palmer, R. C. and Fehr. W. R.1974. Anther Culture in soybean. Crop Sci.14:891-893.

5. Miao, S. H., Kuo, C. S., Kwei, Y. J., Sun, A. J., Ku, S. Y., Lu, W. L., Wng, Y. Y., Chen, M. L., Wu, M. K. and Hong, L. 1978. Induction of pollen plants of maize and observations on their progeny. Proceedings of Symposuum on Plant Tissue Culture. p.23-33. Science Press, Peking.

6. Niizeki, H. and K. Oono. 1971. Rice plants obtained by anther culture. Colloq Int.C.N.R.S.193:251-257.

7. Sozinova, A., Luksansuk, S. and Ignatova, S. 1981. Anther cultivation and induction of haploid plants in Triticale. Z.Pflanzenguecht. 86:272-285.

8. Tai, G. S. and Cheng, S. H. 1990. Tissue Culture of cultivar soybean. Agricultural Association of China. New149:42-52.

9. Tang, W. T., Lin, T. S. and Cheng, C. S. 1973. Effect of kinetin and auxin on the callus formation of anther culture of soybean. Agriculture Association of China New83:1-7.

10. Tsay, H.S.1986. Improvement of cereal crops through anther culture. Agricultural Association of China. New134:1~23.

11. Wang, C. C., Sun, C. S. and Chu. Z. C. 1974. On the condition for the induction of rice pollen plantlets and certain factors affecting the frequency of induction. Acta. Bot. Sin.16:43-54.

12. Yin, G. C., Zhu, Z. Y., Xu, Z., Chen, L,. Li, X. E. and Bi, F. Y.1982. Studies on induction of pollen plant and their androgenesis in Glycine Max(L) Merr. Soybean Science1:69-75.

Top